Greek team digitizing ancient Christian manuscripts at Sinai monastery

A team from Greece are photographing thousands of fragile manuscripts, including some of the earliest copies of the Christian gospels, using a complex process that includes taking images in red, green and blue light and merging them with computer software to create a single high-quality color picture. There is a tangible sense of urgency to the mission.

'Codex Syriacus', an ancient copy of the Gospels in Syriac, is seen on display in St. Catherine's Monastery
in South Sinai, Egypt [Credit: Mohamed Abd El Ghany/Reuters]

Although the monastery has survived centuries of warfare, it lies in a region where Islamist militants have destroyed countless cultural artifacts and documents in Syria and Iraq. Egypt’s Christian churches have also been targeted by an Islamist insurgency in the rugged and thinly populated northern Sinai.

‘The Holy Monastery of the God-Trodden Mount Sinai’ - which is part of the Eastern Orthodox church - lies in the safer southern half of the Sinai Peninsula. But in 2017, Islamic State claimed responsibility for an attack on a nearby Egyptian police checkpoint, in which one officer was killed.

Librarian Father Justin of Sinai walks inside the library of St. Catherine's Monastery in South Sinai, Egypt
[Credit: Mohamed Abd El Ghany/Reuters]

“The upheaval of our times requires a rapid completion of this project,” Archbishop Damianos of Sinai, Faran and Raitho, and Abbot of St. Catherine’s Monastery, told Reuters by email.

The aim is to create the first digital archive of all 4,500 manuscripts in the library, starting with around 1,100 in the Syriac and Arabic languages, which are particularly rare.

Librarian Father Justin of Sinai turns the pages of an ancient manuscript from the library of St. Catherine's Monastery
in South Sinai, Egypt [Credit: Mohamed Abd El Ghany/Reuters]

The task could take more than a decade, using digital cameras and computer arrays alongside sophisticated cradles designed to support the more fragile manuscripts.

The project began last year and is being undertaken by the non-profit research organization Early Manuscripts Electronic Library (EMEL), in collaboration with the monastery and the Library of the University of California, Los Angeles. UCLA Library said it will start publishing the manuscripts online, in full color, from the fall of 2019.

Gold lettering is seen on an ancient manuscript from the library of St. Catherine's Monastery in South Sinai, Egypt
[Credit: Mohamed Abd El Ghany/Reuters]

“This library is an archive of the history of Christianity and its neighbors in the Mediterranean world, and therefore is of interest to communities all over the world who find their history here,” Michael Phelps, Director of the Early Manuscripts Electronic Library, told Reuters.

The monastery lies at the foot of Mount Sinai, by tradition the site where Moses received the Ten Commandments.

The ancient mosaic of the Transfiguration is seen inside St. Catherine's Monastery in South Sinai, Egypt
[Credit: Mohamed Abd El Ghany/Reuters]

UNESCO has listed the area as a World Heritage site, citing its sacred status in Christianity, Islam and Judaism. It says St. Catherine’s was founded in the 6th century, and is the oldest Christian monastery still in use for its original function.

The most famous manuscript in the library is the 4th century ‘Codex Sinaiticus’ - a Greek manuscript of the Bible which contains the oldest surviving complete New Testament. Its pages are divided between several institutions.

Detail of the ancient mosaic of the Transfiguration is seen inside St. Catherine's Monastery in South Sinai, Egypt
[Credit: Mohamed Abd El Ghany/Reuters]

Another is the Codex Syriacus, an ancient copy of the Gospels in Syriac. Other manuscripts cover science, medicine and the Greek classics.

The digitization of the first stage alone, the Syriac-Arabic manuscripts, will take around three years and cost a projected $2.75 million, said Phelps.

A general view of St. Catherine's Monastery in South Sinai, Egypt
[Credit: Mohamed Abd El Ghany/Reuters]

“Throughout the centuries, monks have lived here in prayer, in dedication to spiritual goals, a witness to God’s revelation to mankind... in that sense especially, the Sinai Monastery is an ark, a spiritual ark in the wilderness,” said Father Justin of Sinai, the monastery’s librarian.

The project will provide a more complete record than partial microfilming carried out decades ago by the U.S Library of Congress, and also by the National Library of Israel. The two institutions are making their records available to the new digitization effort, the project organizers said.

Author: Mohamed Zaki | Source: Reuters [April 18, 2019]